Nutritional And Medical Information

Satiety - a feeling of repletion and total appeasement of the appetite after a meal has been consumed.


Methylcellulose - a class of sticky chemical compounds, produced through a reaction between cellulose and methyls. It is present in fruit butters and jellies and acts as an emulsifier to prevent such products from separating into their constituent liquids.


Duration - the period of time an individual is physically active or exercises; duration is one way of increasing muscle or system resistance to improve its functionality.


Blind Experiment (single or double) - research techniques. In a `single blind` study, the subjects are unaware of whether they are getting an experimental treatment or merely a control treatment such as a placebo. In a double-blind experiment, neither the test subjects nor the test administrators know which test subjects are given the treatment, until the study has been concluded.


Albuminuria - occurs when a protein called albumin is present in the urine in more than normal amounts - signifies potential kidney damage.


Lipids - a family of chemical compounds, which includes triglycerides (obtained primarily from fat in foods), phospholipids (fat-containing phosphorous), and sterols (organic compounds in the fatty tissues of plants and animals).


Five a Day - denotes the dietary recommendation to consume five servings of fruits & vegetables every day. The byline, 5-A-Day, turned into a promotional message in health drives to increase the quantity of fresh fruit and vegetables in modern diets.


Type 2 Diabetes - earlier known as `NIDDM (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)` or termed `adult-onset diabetes`. Type II diabetes is the most wide-spread kind of diabetes. Around 90 - 95% of people who have diabetes have Type II diabetes. Individuals who have type 2 diabetes are able to secrete insulin, but either are unable to produce insulin in adequate enough amounts or their bodies are unable to utilize the insulin they manufacture. The majority of the people who have this kind of diabetes are overweight or obese. Insulin is present in the body, but is unable to work adequately. Consequently, people who have Type II diabetes might have the means to manage their medical condition by going on a diet-and- exercise program to lose weight. They might also be required to take insulin injections or take medicine in conjunction with following a healthful diet and exercise program. Though type II diabetes commonly occurs in adults who are over 30 years old, a growing number of youngsters and teenagers who have excess body weight are also developing Type II diabetes.


Resistance or Weight Training - also called `strength training`, refers to a set of exercises specifically intended to build muscle and enhance muscular strength. Strength training also helps in maintaining the amount of bone in the body and could help maintain weight.


Biceps - the large muscle located between the shoulder and the elbow along the inner arm, which flexes the forearm and draws it up at the elbow.


Ascorbic Acid - also popularly known as vitamin C, it is crucial in building collagen (the protein that makes up the connective tissues of the skin, bones, tendons, and ligaments). Ascorbic acid promotes the manufacture of new cells in wound healing and it`s an antioxidant that prevents free radicals from adhering to other molecules to form compounds that could damage important cellular molecules (such as DNA or lipids or other parts of the cell). Ascorbic Acid is essential to proper immune system function, builds resistance to disease and infections, decreases the strength of hypersensitive reactions and is involved in the synthesis of natural peptides or steroids (hormones) and other body chemicals. Green peppers, broccoli, citrus fruits, tomatoes, strawberries, and many other fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamin C.


Nephropathy - any disease of the kidneys. Excessive blood sugar could damage the glomeruli (blood filtering units) of the kidneys. When the kidneys are damaged, protein seeps out into the urine. Damaged kidneys are no longer able to cleanse excessive fluids and waste products from the bloodstream.


Toxicology - the scientific study of the chemical effects and treatment of poisonous substances.


Layered Eating - a strategy in managing weight, where foods that are high in volume but low in calories are ingested as the `first layer`, before high-calorie, low-volume foods are eaten. This is a common-sense process of satiating the appetite by consuming low-calorie or high-fiber foods and/or liquids before high-calorie foods are consumed.


Capillary - the tiny blood vessel of the network that allows exchange of oxygen and waste products between arteries and veins.


Hypotension - very low blood pressure. Hypotension is commonly linked to traumatic shock, though not always a symptom of it.